Colonialism
Post-Colonialism
Imperialism
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Post-Colonialism
Imperialism
- Then and Now-Introduction and Conclusion
Introduction
postcolonial
studies have become even more institutionalized in the Western academic .At the
same time the relevance of postcolonial studies to our world continues to be
questioned .the events of 11 September 2001,and the US invasions of Afghanistan
and Iraq, questions of ‘empire’ are more urgent than ever, as advocates of the
‘new American empire’ exhort the US to learn from European imperialism, while
its critics warn that the murderous history of colonialism is being whitewashed
all over again. Is postcolonial studies redundant in this new world? A new
conclusion to this edition of Colonialism/Postcolonialism discusses this
question, situating postcolonial studies in relation to globalization and new
imperial formations.postcolonial studies had already become, in the words of
Stuart Hall, ‘the bearer of such powerful unconscious investments – a sign of
desire for some, and equally for others, a signifier of danger’.
The
terms like ‘ethnic’ and ‘postcolonial’ have become shorthand for something
simultaneously fashionable and marginal? It is also true that some of the
landmark essays in postcolonial studies are notoriously difficult to read, and
that the term ‘post colonialism’ has become so heterogeneous and diffuse that
it is impossible to describe satisfactorily what its study might entail.
There
are certain dangers attendant upon these perspectives becoming institutionalized,
especially within English departments. Ella Shohat points out one negative
implication of the very acceptability of the term ‘postcolonial’ in the Western
academy.
This
book is divided into three main chapters. The first chapter discusses the
different meanings of terms such as colonialism, imperialism and post
colonialism, and the controversies surrounding them .This chapter will
introduce readers to aspects of poststructuralist, Marxist, feminist and
post-modern thought which have become important or controversial in relation to
postcolonial studies. The last section of the chapter discusses the innovations
as well as the problems that have been generated by the literary inception and
inflection of colonial discourse studies. The second chapter considers the complexities
of colonial and postcolonial subjects and identities.
In
the third chapter, processes of decolonization and the problems of recovering
the viewpoint of colonized subjects from a ‘postcolonial’ perspective are
examined.
The
book is written in the belief that it is worth
engaging
with the genuine difficulties generated by the interdisciplinary,
cross-cultural nature of this field of study, precisely because there are vital
issues at stake that confront us as teachers and students of literature history
and culture the world over.
We
have big question that" Is postcolonial studies already outdated, or is it
even
more
necessary today?"
Conclusion
The
so-called global war on terror, and the US invasion of Afghanistan and Iraq, it
is harder than ever to see our world as simply ‘postcolonial'.
In
contrast to imperialism, Empire establishes no territorial center of power and
does not rely on fixed boundaries or barriers. It is a decentered and
deterritorializing apparatus of rule that progressively incorporates the entire
global realm within its open, expanding frontiers. Empire manages hybrid
identities, flexible hierarchies, and plural exchanges through modulating
networks of command. The distinct national colors of the imperial map of the
world have merged and blended in the imperial global rainbow.
In
conclusion we can say that ‘Globalization is just another name for submission
and domination’,
Nicanor
Apaza,
an unemployed miner, said at a demonstration this week in which Indian
women … carried banners denouncing the International Monetary Fund and
demanding the president’s resignation. ‘We’ve had to live with that here for
500 years, and now we want to be our own masters.
One
another main point is that globalization as it has been imposed upon the world
by institutions like the World Bank and the IMF.
As
per the perspective of postcolonial study Those who do teach Western history and
literature are not exempt from critique; in an earlier report, ACTA had
complained not only that Shakespeare was being dropped from required courses
but that Shakespeare and Renaissance classes were being polluted by a focus on social
issues such as poverty and sexuality.
Edward Said’s most valuable achievements in
Orientalism was not simply to establish the connection between scholarship and
state power in the colonial period, but to indicate its afterlife in a
‘post-colonial’ global formation with the US at its epicentre. If universities
are to remain sites of dissent and free intellectual inquiry, if scholarship is
not to be at the service of American or any other power, critiques of past and
ongoing empires are going to be more necessary than ever.
Well explained.
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